R. Raj Crops, breeding, stability, yiled, productivity 12-22 10 (1) January, 2026 Cereal crops, including rice, wheat, and maize, constitute the foundation of global food and nutritional security, yet their productivity is increasingly threatened by climate change–induced stresses. Rising temperatures, erratic precipitation, and expanding pest and disease pressures significantly reduce yield potential and stability. Sustaining cereal productivity under such dynamic conditions requires a balanced focus on high yield and environmental resilience. Genetic variability derived from landraces and wild relatives provides essential allelic resources for stress adaptation and yield stability. Conventional breeding approaches, including selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding, have historically driven genetic gains; however, their efficiency is constrained when targeting complex, polygenic traits. The integration of molecular and genomics-assisted breeding encompassing QTL mapping, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and genome editing has enhanced precision and accelerated genetic improvement. Multi-environment testing and stability analyses further support the identification of broadly adapted and climate-resilient genotypes. An integrated breeding framework is therefore essential for developing sustainable, high-yielding cereal cultivars capable of withstanding biotic and abiotic stresses under changing climatic scenarios.